What are hip cartilage injuries? Cartilage is the tough, flexible tissue that covers the surface of the joints, including the hip. It cushions the joints, acting as a shock absorber, and helps the bones to slide smoothly over one another for ease of movement. Injuries to the cartilage are common and can be the result […]
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What is hip bursitis? Hip bursitis (also called trochanteric bursitis) affects the hip joint. The bursa are fluid-filled sacs that cushion the muscles, ligaments and tendons, helping them to glide smoothly over bone. Bursitis is a condition that causes the bursa to swell, resulting in pain and tenderness. It can be acute (short-lived) or may
What is arthritis of the hip? Arthritis occurs when the cartilage encasing the bones, which aids fluent movement in the joint, is damaged, resulting in friction. Any joint in the body can be affected by arthritis, which causes pain, inflammation, stiffness and reduced mobility. Most cases of hip pain in adults that require surgery are
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Tibialis posterior is one of the most important tendons in the foot. The muscle belly lies in the calf and the tendon passes just behind the medial (inner) bony prominence of the ankle. Its role is to hold up the arch of the foot and stabilize the midfoot on the hindfoot. Tendinopathy (disease) of tibialis
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The plantar fascia is a tendon-like band of tissue which stretches from the heel to the toes. It acts a shock absorber and supports the arch of the foot. Plantar fasciitis is a condition characterised by pain felt on the underside of the heel. It is particularly severe first thing in the morning or when
A Morton neuroma is a benign but painful swelling of a small nerve either between the second and third or third and fourth metatarsals. It is caused by recurrent trauma to the nerve usually due either to abnormal biomechanics in the foot, overuse, or a combination of the two. It is common in distance runners.
Arthritis of the midfoot usually affects the tarsometatarsal, and sometimes the naviculocuneiform joints. It can be osteoarthritis (“wear and tear”), part of a generalized arthritis such as rheumatoid disease, or the result of previous injury such as a Lisfranc injury. Features of midfoot arthritis include pain felt in the centre of the foot, particularly on bearing
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An ingrowing toenail is a common condition in which one or both sides of the great toenail turn downwards and start to dig into the flesh of the nail fold. This causes pain and can become infected. Ingrowing toenails can be caused by pressure of foot-wear, poor nail care or direct injury. Pincer nail is
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A hammer toe is a toe which has become deformed due to hyperextension (lifting up) at the MTP joint (base of the toe) but flexion (bending downwards) at the PIP joint (next joint down within the toe). This can result in the toe rubbing on footwear and developing painful corns. The second toe is the
A flat foot (pes planus) is a foot in which the arch is lower than normal, or sometimes even absent altogether. Children’s feet naturally change shape as they grow. To have flat feet in infancy is normal but by school age most children have developed an arch, although children develop at different rates. Most children
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